Influence of particle size distributions on yield stress and viscosity of cement–fly ash pastes

The rheological properties of blended cement-based materials depend strongly on mixture proportions and the characteristics of the components. In this study, design of experiments is used to investigate the influence of three variables (cement particle size distribution (PSD), fly ash PSD, and ratio of fly ash to cement) at each of four levels on the yield stress and viscosity of blended pastes. Both rheological parameters are seen to vary over several orders of magnitude for the evaluated design space. Physical characteristics of the powders, such as cement and total particle densities and total particle surface area, are computed for each mixture. A percolation-type relationship is observed between yield stress and cement particle (number) density. While neither apparent nor plastic viscosities were particularly well described by the commonly employed Kreiger–Dougherty equation, plastic viscosities were found to be linear functions of either total (cement + fly ash) particle surface area or total particle density.