4D Seismic Monitoring at the Ketzin Pilot Site during Five Years of Storage – Results and Quantitative Assessment

The 3D seismic and surface-downhole time-lapse monitoring at the Ketzin pilot site for CO2 storage has provided the data base for a quantitative estimation of the amount of CO2 detected by the seismic surveys and of the CO2 plume thickness. The monitoring results have been compared to reservoir simulations, considering noise and thickness threshold values and indicating that conformity between monitoring and simulation results can be achieved when a thickness detection threshold of between 1 and 7 m is taken into account.