CO2, CH4 and Particles Flux Measurements in Florence, Italy

Eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements of CO2, CH4 and particles in densely urbanized area in Florence are reported, and partitioned into emission categories. CO2 fluxes are a net source to the atmosphere, with small inter-annual variability and high seasonality. CH4 fluxes represent about 8% of CO2-equivalent emissions, and do not exhibit significant seasonality. Heating and road traffic account for 68% and 32% of observed CO2 emissions, respectively, and for 14% of CH4 emissions, while gas network leakages are responsible for the residual. Particle fluxes exhibit a pronounced weekend decrease, highlighting that the main contribution to emissions comes from road traffic.