Frequency Quality in the Nordic Power System: Wind Variability, Hydro Power Pump Storage and Usage of HVDC Links

This work investigates the effect that variable power production from offshore wind farms in the North Sea will have together with the use of pumped storage facilities at hydropower stations in Norway, on the Nordic frequency. Two different pumped storage cases are investigated for a power exchange situation between Norway and Continental Europe, which illustrates the effect of wind power variability. The performance of primary and secondary controllers to restore frequency quality is analyzed.