Exploring the potential of algae/bacteria interactions

• Complex interactions exist between algae and bacteria.
• Algae suppress excess biofilm formation on their surfaces.
• Algae and bacteria communicate with each other using chemicals.
• Self-organized algae/bacteria biofilms enable light/electricity conversion.
• Studies on designed consortia will create new biotechnology.

Algae are primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, where heterotrophic bacteria grow on organics produced by algae and recycle nutrients. Ecological studies have identified the co-occurrence of particular species of algae and bacteria, suggesting the presence of their specific interactions. Algae/bacteria interactions are categorized into nutrient exchange, signal transduction and gene transfer. Studies have examined how these interactions shape aquatic communities and influence geochemical cycles in the natural environment. In parallel, efforts have been made to exploit algae for biotechnology processes, such as water treatment and bioenergy production, where bacteria influence algal activities in various ways. We suggest that better understanding of mechanisms underlying algae/bacteria interactions will facilitate the development of more efficient and/or as-yet-unexploited biotechnology processes.

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