Onset of pulsing in trickle beds with non-Newtonian liquids at elevated temperature and pressure—Modeling and experimental verification

The onset of pulse flow in trickle-bed reactors involving gas–non-Newtonian liquid systems was predicted from a stability analysis of the solutions around equilibrium steady-state trickle flow of a transient two-fluid model based on the volume–average mass and momentum balance equations. The model was developed for the versatile Herschel–Bulkley constitutive rheological equation from which special solutions for plastic Bingham fluids, power-law shear-thinning and thickening fluids, as well as Newtonian fluids were derived. The impact of yield stress, consistency and power-law indices, and temperature and reactor pressure on the trickle-to-pulse flow transition was analyzed theoretically. Model predictions of the trickle-to-pulse transition for gas–non-Newtonian liquid systems were confronted with elevated temperature and pressure experimental transition data obtained for air–0.25 and 0.5 mass(carboxymethylcellulose) CMC solution systems measured by means of an electrical conductivity technique. In addition the model version offspring corresponding to the Newton case (n=1,k=μℓ,τ0=0)(n=1,k=μℓ,τ0=0), confronted with measured high temperature/pressure-transition data from this work and high-pressure transition data from Wammes et al. [1990. The transition between trickle flow and pulse flow in a cocurrent gas–liquid trickle-bed reactor at elevated pressure. Chemical Engineering Science 45, 3149; 1991. Hydrodynamics in a cocurrent gas–liquid trickle bed at elevated pressures. A.I.Ch.E. J. 37, 1849] and Burghardt et al. [2002. Hydrodynamics of a tree-phase fixed-bed reactor operating in the pulsing flow regime at an elevated pressure. Chemical Engineering Science 57, 4855] proved equally successful.