Modeling nanosecond pulsed laser ablation: A focus on temperature dependence of material properties

This paper presents a comprehensive model of nanosecond laser ablation of metals considering vaporization, phase explosion and plasma shielding. In addition, the effect of temperature dependent material properties is also considered. The results are in good agreement at low fluences, while the discrepancy marginally increases at higher fluences. The paper concludes by identifying some key challenges in the modeling of the process, which include, consideration to liquid and vapor ejection during phase explosion and the consequent shielding of the radiation due to the ejected liquid droplets.