Effect of Manual Grinding Operations on Surface Integrity

Manual grinding operations are influenced by a number of variants such as a worker's posture and motion, in addition to the general parameters affecting automated grinding processes, for example, tool speed and feed rate. Moreover, dry cutting conditions and poor control of the machining process can negatively influence chip formation and part quality in terms of roughness, microhardness, microstructure, etc. The goal of this work is to analyze the processing energy, resulting surface integrity, and prospective part performance, considering the above-mentioned variants, with the aim to give a detailed insight into manual grinding processes and fill the existing knowledge gaps. For this paper, we have limited our subject to one and thus have not studied the effect of worker's skills involved in manual grinding.