Synthesis of carbohydrate-based azamacrocycles by Richman–Atkins cyclisation

Symmetrical nitrogen containing ring structures with two or four glucose units were easily obtained from accessible monosaccharide building units. Various tetherings via 4,4’- and 6,6’-positions lead to a variety of precursors which were transformed successively employing different bridging units by Richman–Atkins cyclisation to result in defined glycophane coronands.

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