Alternate hot and cold electrodes

• Alternate hot and cold electrodes are fabricated with surface temperature modulating from room temperature to subfreezing point temperature.
• Thermocouple detection temperature consistent with the electrode surface temperature has a high accuracy.
• Steady supercooled region around the alternate hot and cold electrode can be obtained.
• The electrodes demonstrate high thermal stability and reproducibility.
• The sensing of H2O2 by HRP under supercooled environment has been evidenced.

Alternate hot and cold electrodes, actively heated and chilled, were facilely fabricated for the first time. It consists of two symmetrically placed semiconductor thermoelectric coolers and an embedded interlayer with a Pt-PtRh thermocouple. The tip of Pt-PtRh thermocouple can be used as both an electrochemical electrode and a temperature-sensing device simultaneously. Theoretical simulation shows that a local steady-state supercooled water within a radius of ca. 12.6 mm around the electrode can be obtained. In this paper, the activity of horseradish peroxidase is evidenced at supercooled temperature (− 9 °C) in 0.1 M PBS.

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