A heated pencil lead disk electrode with direct current and its preliminary application for highly sensitive detection of luteolin

A indirectly heated pencil lead disk electrode (HPLDE) with direct current was fabricated. The dramatic temperature effect on the adsorptive accumulation of luteolin was demonstrated. A detection limit of 1.0 × 10− 9 M could be obtained (S/N = 3) with an electrode temperature of 44 °C, which was more than one magnitude lower than that at room temperature. It was applied to the determination of luteolin in simulated human urine with good accuracy. This heated electrode shows many merits such as easy fabrication and simple heating equipments, low cost, high thermal stability, high sensitivity and good reproducibility.

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► A heated pencil lead disk electrode (HPLDE) was firstly fabricated.
► The heating current would not interfere with the electrochemical signal.
► This heated electrode has high thermal stability and high sensitivity.
► The dramatic temperature effect on luteolin detection at HPLDE was demonstrated.
► This electrode holds great promising for constructing electrochemical biosensor.