Formation of titanium oxide nanogrooves island arrays by anodization

In the present work, titanium oxide nanogrooves island arrays (NGIAs) surface is formed by anodization of Ti foil in the high HF content electrolyte. The influences of anodization voltage and HF concentration of electrolyte on the formation of NGIAs are studied to control the depth and the distribution of nanogrooves. The formation mechanism of NGIAs is discussed. The strategy derived from the results is expected to apply to the NGIAs formation of other oxides which share the similar anodization behavior as titanium oxide.