Complex marginal deformations of D3-brane geometries, their Penrose limits and giant gravitons

We apply the Lunin-Maldacena construction of gravity duals to β-deformed gauge theories to a class of type IIB backgrounds with U(1)3 global symmetry, which include the multicenter D3-brane backgrounds dual to the Coulomb branch of N=4 super-Yang-Mills and the rotating D3-brane backgrounds dual to the theory at finite temperature and chemical potential. After a general discussion, we present the full form of the deformed metrics for three special cases, which can be used for the study of various aspects of the marginally-deformed gauge theories. We also construct the Penrose limits of the solutions dual to the Coulomb branch along a certain set of geodesics and, for the resulting PP-wave metrics, we examine the effect of β-deformations on the giant graviton states. We find that giant gravitons exist only up to a critical value of the σ-deformation parameter, are not degenerate in energy with the point graviton, and remain perturbatively stable. Finally, we probe the σ-deformed multicenter solutions by examining the static heavy-quark potential by means of Wilson loops. We find situations that give rise to complete screening as well as linear confinement, with the latter arising is an intriguing way reminiscent of phase transitions in statistical systems.