Modifiable risk factors for the prevention of lung cancer

SummaryBackgroundLung cancer is the most frequent malignant disease worldwide. In 2002, the number of new lung cancer cases was estimated at 1.3 million, which makes over 12.4% of all new cases of neoplasm registered all round the globe. It is also the leading cause of death from cancer.AimThe objective of this paper was to provide a review of some modifiable risk factors for lung cancer.Materials/MethodsData sources were MEDLINE from January 1950 to November 2006, title in the field. Search terms included: lung cancer, tobacco smoke, social class, diet, alcohol consumption and physical activity terms. Book chapters, monographs, relevant news reports, and Web material were also reviewed to find articles.ResultsThe results of the literature review suggest that smoking is a major, unquestionable factor of lung cancer risk. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and social class could also play a role in the occurrence of the disease. Diet, alcohol consumption and physical activity level are other important but less extended determinants of lung cancer.ConclusionsEffective prevention programmes against some of the lifestyle-related factors for lung cancer, especially against smoking, must be developed to minimize potential health risks and prevent the future cost of health.