The history of neutrinos, 1930-1985. What have we learned about neutrinos? What have we learned using neutrinos?

► Early history: continuity of β-spectrum, Pauli letter, universal Fermi interaction. ► Neutrino beams and the discovery of the muon neutrino. ► Gargamelle, the discovery of the neutral current and the verification of the quark-gluon nature of the parton. ► Deep inelastic scattering at higher energies: scaling, quantitative verification of QCD, structure functions.