Two proofs of Fine's theorem

• A discussion of the various approaches to proving Fine's theorem.
• A new physically-motivated proof using a local hidden variables model.
• A new algebraic proof.
• A new form of the CHSH inequalities.

Fine's theorem concerns the question of determining the conditions under which a certain set of probabilities for pairs of four bivalent quantities may be taken to be the marginals of an underlying probability distribution. The eight CHSH inequalities are well-known to be necessary conditions, but Fine's theorem is the striking result that they are also sufficient conditions. Here two transparent and self-contained proofs of Fine's theorem are presented. The first is a physically motivated proof using an explicit local hidden variables model. The second is an algebraic proof which uses a representation of the probabilities in terms of correlation functions.