Synthesis and structural characterization of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 nanotubes

Ferroelectric barium strontium titanate, Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3, (BST40) nanotubes were fabricated by means of sol–gel method utilizing nanochannel porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. XRD study confirmed the pure phase perovskite structure of the BST40 nanotubes. TEM analysis confirmed that the nanotubes are composed of nanoparticles in the range of 4–8 nm and the wall thickness of around 12 nm. Y-junctions and multi-branches were also observed in some of the BST40 nanotubes.