Hadronic atoms in QCD+QED

We review the theory of hadronic atoms in QCD+QED, based on a non-relativistic effective Lagrangian framework. We first provide an introduction to the theory, and then describe several applications: meson–meson, meson–nucleon atoms and meson–deuteron compounds. Finally, we compare the quantum field theory framework used here with the traditional approach, which is based on quantum-mechanical potential scattering.