Efficient Algorithm Using a Broadband Approach to Determine the Complex Constants of Piezoelectric Ceramics

A new systematic and efficient algorithm to obtain the ten complex constants of piezoelectric materials belonging to the 6 mm symmetry class was developed. A finite element method routine was implemented in Matlab using eight-node axisymmetric elements. The algorithm raises the electrical conductance and resistance curves and calculates the quadratic difference between the experimental and numerical curves. Finally, to minimize the difference, an optimization algorithm based on the “Method of Moving Asymptotes” (MMA) is used. The algorithm is able to adjust the curves over a wide frequency range obtaining the real and imaginary parts of the material properties simultaneously.