String geometry vs. spin geometry on loop spaces

We introduce various versions of spin structures on free loop spaces of smooth manifolds, based on a classical notion due to Killingback, and additionally coupled to two relations between loops: thin homotopies and loop fusion. The central result of this article is an equivalence between these enhanced versions of spin structures on the loop space and string structures on the manifold itself. The equivalence exists in two settings: in a purely topological one and in a geometrical one that includes spin connections and string connections. Our results provide a consistent, functorial, one-to-one dictionary between string geometry and spin geometry on loop spaces.