Physical function and associated factors in community-dwelling elderly people in Jalisco, Mexico

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of disability in Basic Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADL and IADL, respectively), as well as associated factors in the Mexican community-dwelling elderly population. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study of a population 60 years and older who live in the State of Jalisco (Mexico). A total of 2553 persons were assessed regarding their functional and health conditions. The ADL and IADL were classified as dependent and non-dependent, and crude and adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) were calculated. Results: Mean age of participants was 71.6 ± 8.7, 61.2% were women. A disability prevalence of 9.6% was found to perform ADL and of 31.5% for the IADL, 14.3% had cognitive impairment and 30.9% depression. Risk factors were found for dependence: being a woman, being ≥75 years old, low education level, having at least one chronic disease, cognitive impairment, depression, previous history of disability, and having been a lifelong housewife. Conclusions: Functional difficulties are common in Mexican elderly population. These data show key variables for functional disability risk. A better understanding of functional capabilities, as well as of risk factors older adults face every day provide us with a guide to devise a prevention plan, to implement adequate interventions, or to provide appropriate care.