Prevalence of functional disability in activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and associated factors, as predictors of morbidity and mortality

The aim of this study is to establish the existing relationship among variables referred to the person, specifically age and gender, and the functional dependence in basic ADL and in IADL, as well as the possible relationship it has with the increase of morbidity and mortality in a random sample of 598 individuals older than 65 years. Of these individuals, 34.6% were categorized as dependent for at least one ADL, and 53.5% if we refer to IADL. Regarding the ADL, the risk of dependence increases (odds ratio = OR = 1.089) per year of age, (OR = 2.48) in women's case; while there is an IADL correlation between age and the score (r = −0.527; p < 0.001). A relationship exists between dependence and the days of hospitalization (for ADL: r = −0.12, p = 0.018 and IADL: r = −0.97, p = 0.003), the number of visits to the doctor (ADL: r = −0.27, p < 0.001; IADL: r = −0.25, p < 0.001) or the presence of concomitant pathologies such as dementia (ADL: p < 0.001; IADL: p < 0.001). There is a significant association between age, gender and dependence, as well as between dependence and morbidity and mortality, so that dependence could be used as a predictor of both.