Effects of smoking on outcomes after acute atherothrombotic stroke in Japanese men

BackgroundThe effects of smoking on clinical outcomes following acute stroke remain controversial.MethodsWe evaluated the influence of smoking on 90-day outcomes after acute atherothrombotic stroke in 292 Japanese men extracted from the database of the Edaravone and Argatroban Stroke Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke randomized parallel-group trial that tested the safety and efficacy of edaravone and argatroban therapy in 814 patients in 2004–2008. Smokers were matched with non-smokers of the same age for identical age distribution in the smoker and non-smoker groups. Poor 90-day outcomes (defined as death, Barthel index < 60, or modified Rankin score > 3) were evaluated using a logistic regression model. Significant variables (P < 0.05) in univariate analysis were further evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis using a forward-selection method.ResultsBody temperature, age, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score at admission, systolic blood pressure, and smoking status were selected in the final model. Smokers had significantly increased odds of poor 90-day functional outcomes independent of other statistically significant predictor variables (adjusted odds ratio, 2.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.15–4.55; P = 0.019).ConclusionsIn Japanese men, smoking leads to poor functional outcomes at 3 months after acute atherothrombotic stroke.