Chronic progressive sensory ataxic neuropathy associated with limited systemic sclerosis

We report the case of a 33-year-old woman with limited systemic sclerosis and chronic progressive sensory ataxic neuropathy. Sural nerve biopsy showed loss of myelinated fibers mostly those of large diameter, axonal degeneration and infiltration of macrophages, but no signs of vasculitis. Physical examination, laboratory testing, neurophysiological and neuroradiological examinations suggested that the dorsal root was primarily affected in this patient. Cytokine analysis by multiplex bead array assay revealed that IL-1β and GM-CSF were increased both in serum and CSF. Although her symptoms did not respond to corticosteroid therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy resulted in marked improvement. IVIg could be effective in case of immune-mediated reversible neuronal dysfunction associated with collagen disease without vasculitis.