Ontogenic variations in the content and distribution of progesterone receptor isoforms in the reproductive tract and brain of chicks

Progesterone participates in the regulation of several functions in chicks such as ovulation, gonadal differentiation, and sexual and nesting behaviors. Many progesterone actions are mediated by specific intracellular receptors (PR) which are ligand-induced transactivators. Two PR isoforms that are functionally distinct in their ability to activate genes and regulate distinct physiological processes have been described in chicks: a full length form PR-B and the N-terminally truncated one PR-A which lacks the amino-terminal 128 amino acids of PR-B. PR isoforms have been detected in several tissues of both the adult and the embryo chick such as brain, ovary and oviduct. PR isoforms expression ratio varies among progesterone target tissues and under different hormonal and environmental conditions such as those presented during avian sexual maturity and the seasons of the year. These data let us to conclude that progesterone actions in brain, ovary, and oviduct highly depend on PR isoforms expression pattern and regulation.