The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory tripeptides Ile-Pro-Pro and Val-Pro-Pro show increasing permeabilities with increasing physiological relevance of absorption models

Transepithelial transport of the ACE inhibitory peptides Ile-Pro-Pro and Val-Pro-Pro was studied in different models of absorption. Apparent permeability (Papp) values for absorptive transport across Caco-2 monolayers were 1.0 ± 0.9 × 10−8 (Ile-Pro-Pro) and 0.5 ± 0.1 × 10−8 cm s−1 (Val-Pro-Pro). Ex vivo transport across jejunal segments in the Ussing chamber was 5-times (Ile-Pro-Pro) to 10-times (Val-Pro-Pro) higher with no significant differences (p > 0.05) observed between both peptides. The peptidase inhibitor bestatin increased permeability for the absorptive direction for Ile-Pro-Pro by twofold. Neither a transepithelial pH gradient nor increased apical tripeptide concentration nor longitudinal localization of the intestinal segment influenced Papp in the ex vivo experiments. Val-Pro-Pro transport across Peyer's patches, however, was 4-times higher (Papp = 21.0 ± 9.3 × 10−8 cm s−1) as compared to duodenum (Papp = 4.8 ± 1.4 × 10−8 cm s−1). In the in situ perfusion experiments Papp values varied greatly among different animals ranging from 0.5 to 24.0 × 10−8 cm s−1 (Ile-Pro-Pro) and from 1.0 to 15.6 × 10−8 cm s−1 (Val-Pro-Pro). In summary, Caco-2 and ex vivo absorption models differ considerably regarding their peptide permeability. The in situ model seems to be less appropriate because of the observed large variability in peptide permeability. The results of this study demonstrate that the ACE inhibitory peptides Ile-Pro-Pro and Val-Pro-Pro are absorbed partially undegraded.