Central administration of peptide and small molecule MC4 receptor antagonists induce hyperphagia in mice and attenuate cytokine-induced anorexia

We investigated the effect of melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4) antagonists on food intake in mice. Food intake during the light phase was significantly increased by ICV administration of mixed MC3/MC4 antagonists (AgRP and SHU9119) or MC4 selective antagonist peptide [(Cyclo (1–5)[Suc–d–Nal–Arg–Trp–Lys]NH2] (MBP10) and the small molecule antagonists THP and NBI-30. Both mixed and selective antagonists significantly reversed anorexia induced by ICV administration of the MC4 agonist (c (1–6) HfRWK-NH2) and the cytokine IL-1β. These findings provide pharmacological evidence that the MC4 receptor mediates the effects of melanocortin agonists and antagonists on food intake in mice, and support the idea that selective small molecule MC4 antagonists may be useful as therapeutics for cachexia.