The importance of intima-media thickness (IMT) measurements in monitoring of atherosclerosis progress after myocardial infarction

ABSTRACTPurposeIntima-media thickness (IMT) assessed in peripheral arteries correlates with presence and progression of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries. IMT measurements may help to select high risk patients and evaluate the efficacy of the therapy used.AIMThe aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of ultrasonographic measurement of IMT in atherosclerosis progress monitoring in patients after myocardial infarction (MI).Patients and Methods70 men (mean age 52.8 ± 8.4) treated with PCI due to acute myocardial infarction, were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent ultrasound examination of the IMT complex of: common carotid artery (CCA), carotid bulb and common femoral artery (CFA) during hospitalization and follow-up period (3.83 ± 1.29 years).ResultsDuring the follow-up 3 patients (4.3%) were not on any medications, 8 pts (11.4%) were on reduced doses of β-blocker, statin or ACE-I (non-compliant pts.). The others (compliant) – 59 pts (84.3%) received standard pharmacological treatment after MI. Nevertheless, an increase of IMT complex value after follow-up compared to initial IMT values of all examined peripheral arteries was observed (respectively: IMT CCA – 0.91±0.26 vs 1.10±0.36, p=0.002, IMT of carotid bulb – 1.31±0.55 vs 1.82±0.69, p=0.012, IMT CFA – 1.38±0.64 vs 1.97±0.75, p=0.014). Non-compliant patients had statistically significant higher IMT values after follow-up when compared to compliant subjects (1.62 vs 1.20, p= 0.017). Patients with higher IMT values were reported to have cardiac events more frequently during the follow-up (p<0.05).ConclusionsOur results provide evidence that ultrasonographic IMT complex assessment of peripheral arteries in everyday clinical practice allows monitoring efficacy of pharmacological therapy in CAD patients after MI. They also suggest treatment intensification if necessary.