Feedback Control of Set1 Protein Levels Is Important for Proper H3K4 Methylation Patterns

• Set1 protein levels are upregulated in response to transcription and H3K4 methylation
• Loss of feedback control disrupts normal H3K4 methylation patterns along genes
• Loss of H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 in immunoblots of extracts masks gene-specific defects
• H3K4me3 turns over faster at SAGA-dependent genes than at TFIID-dependent genes

SummaryMethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 by the Set1 subunit of COMPASS correlates with active transcription. Here, we show that Set1 levels are regulated by protein degradation in response to multiple signals. Set1 levels are greatly reduced when COMPASS recruitment to genes, H3K4 methylation, or transcription is blocked. The degradation sequences map to N-terminal regions that overlap a previously identified autoinhibitory domain, as well as the catalytic domain. Truncation mutants of Set1 that cause under- or overexpression produce abnormal H3K4 methylation patterns on transcribed genes. Surprisingly, SAGA-dependent genes are more strongly affected than TFIID-dependent genes, reflecting differences in their chromatin dynamics. We propose that careful tuning of Set1 levels by regulated degradation is critical for the establishment and maintenance of proper H3K4 methylation patterns.

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