Bone marrow B lymphocytes in multiple myeloma and MGUS: Focus on distribution of naïve cells and memory subsets

Multiple myeloma (MM) is caused by proliferation of clonal plasma cells (cPCs) in bone marrow (BM), associated with numerical and functional defects in immune subsets. An impairment of B cell compartment is involved in onset/progression of the disease. Methods: By flow cytometry, we studied distribution of naïve/transitional (IgD+CD27−), memory unswitched (IgD+CD27+), memory switched (IgD−CD27+) and double negative (DN) (IgD−CD27−) B lymphocytes in BM of control subjects, and responding and relapsing patients. Results: We observed an increased percentage of IgD+CD27+ B cells in healthy controls vs responding patients (p < 0.05). Treated non complete responders exhibited an expanded DN compartment vs stringent complete responders (p = 0.011); in turn IgD+CD27− subpopulation was larger in stringent complete responders vs other responding patients (p = 0.006). None of the studied B cell subsets showed clonal restriction. Correlation analysis revealed negative correlations between naïve/transitional and DN B cells in all groups, except in newly diagnosed subjects. Conclusions: This may be considered a feasible start point to explore the importance of B cells in the immunosuppressive MM BM microenvironment, correlating these findings with immunosenescence and therapy related increased risk of infection. Moreover, we propose a possible role of naïve/transitional and DN B cells as predictive markers in treated patients.