Long term molecular responses in a cohort of Danish patients with essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera and myelofibrosis treated with recombinant interferon alpha

Within recent years data has accumulated demonstrating the efficacy of recombinant interferon alpha2 (rIFN-alpha2) in the treatment of chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). We report on clinical and molecular data in the largest cohort of JAK2 V617F mutant MPN Danish patients (n = 102) being treated long-term with rIFN-alpha2 (rIFN-alpha2a and rIFN-alpha2b in a non-clinical trial setting. The median follow-up was 42 months. We substantiate the capacity of rIFN-alpha2 to induce complete hematologic remissions (ET 95%, PV 68%) and molecular response. In total 76 patients (74.5%) had a decline in JAK2 V617F allele burden with a median reduction from baseline of 59% (95% c.i. 50–73%, range 3–99%). A decline in JAK2 V617F allele burden was recorded in both ET (median 24–10% (95% c.i.: 8–16%), and PV (median 59–35% (95% c.i.: 17–33%). Patients with the lowest pre-treatment JAK2 V617F allele burdens tend to achieve the most favourable responses on long term treatment with rIFN-alpha2. Eleven patients (10%) had deep molecular remissions with ≤2% JAK2 V617F mutant DNA. Finally, long term treatment with rIFN-alpha2 was associated with a very low thrombosis rate. Our observations are supportive of the concept of early up-front treatment with rIFN-alpha2.