High-dose, conventionally fractionated thoracic reirradiation for lung tumors

BackgroundLoco-regional recurrences and second primary lung tumors are not uncommon after high-dose thoracic radiotherapy. The availability of improved radiotherapy techniques increases options for reirradiation. We describe a single-institutional experience with high-dose conventional thoracic reirradiation for both loco-regional recurrences and new primary tumors.MethodsRetrospective chart review of patients undergoing reirradiation between February 2004 and February 2013.ResultsOf 24 patients identified, 54% had a loco-regional recurrence, and 46% a new primary tumor. The majority (63%) had stage III NSCLC at both initial and second treatment; median interval between treatments was 51 months (5–189), median follow-up after reirradiation was 19.3 months (95% CI: 2.8–35.9). Median overall survival (OS) after reirradiation was 13.5 months, with 1-year survival 51%. Median event-free survival (EFS) was 8.4 months. Median time between reirradiation and local progression (n = 8) or distant progression (n = 8) was 6.7 and 11.8 months, respectively. Three patients died with possible grade 5 bleeding. Other toxicities were uncommon. Planning target volume (PTV) at reirradiation was the most important prognostic factor; PTV <300 versus ≥300 cc was significantly associated with median OS (17.4 vs 8.2 months, p = 0.03) and EFS (14.1 vs 5.5 months, p = 0.03). Magnitude of overlap between the initial and subsequent PTVs, and between dose distributions, did not influence survival.ConclusionThoracic reirradiation with high dose conventional radiotherapy appears to deliver a meaningful survival benefit in low volume new primary or recurrent lung cancer. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings, and to establish reliable normal tissue tolerance doses for reirradiation.