Seasonal variability of oxidative stress markers in city bus drivers: Part II. Oxidative damage to lipids and proteins

The aim of the present study was to investigate the seasonal variability of markers of oxidative damage to lipids (15-F2t-isoprostane, 15-F2t-IsoP) and proteins (protein carbonyl levels) in 50 bus drivers and 50 controls from Prague, Czech Republic, and to identify factors affecting oxidative stress markers. The samples were collected in three seasons with different levels of air pollution. The exposure to environmental pollutants (carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, c-PAHs, particulate matter, PM2.5 and PM10, and volatile organic compounds, VOC) was monitored by personal and/or stationary monitors. For the analysis of both markers, ELISA techniques were used. The median levels of individual markers in bus drivers versus controls were as follows: 15-F2t-IsoP (nmol/mmol creatinine): winter 2005, 0.81 versus 0.68 (p < 0.01); summer 2006, 0.62 versus 0.60 (p = 0.90); winter 2006, 0.76 versus 0.51 (p < 0.001); carbonyl levels (nmol/ml plasma): winter 2005, 14.1 versus 12.9 (p = 0.001); summer 2006, 17.5 versus 16.6 (p = 0.26); winter 2006, 13.5 versus 11.7 (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified PM levels measured by stationary monitors over a period 25–27 days before urine collection as a factor positively associated with lipid peroxidation, while protein oxidation levels correlated negatively with both c-PAHs and PM levels. In conclusion, markers of oxidative damage to lipids and proteins were increased in bus drivers in winter seasons, but not in summer. Lipid peroxidation was positively correlated with c-PAHs and PM exposure; protein oxidation correlated negatively and was highest in summer suggesting another factor(s) affecting protein carbonyl levels.