Mutagenicity of oxidized DNA precursors in living cells: Roles of nucleotide pool sanitization and DNA repair enzymes, and translesion synthesis DNA polymerases

The base moieties of DNA precursors in the nucleotide pool are subjected to oxidative damage, and the formation of damaged DNA precursors is an important source of mutagenesis. 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine 5′-triphosphate, also known by the name of its keto-enol tautomer as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine 5′-triphosphate, and 2-hydroxy-2′-deoxyadenosine 5′-triphosphate have been identified as the major products of in vitro oxidation reactions. The mutagenicities of these damaged precursors in living cells will be summarized in this review. In addition, the roles of the nucleotide pool sanitization and DNA repair enzymes, and the translesion synthesis DNA polymerases will be described.