Are there contrasted impacts of urbanization and land uses on population persistence? The case of Teucrium pseudochamaepitys, an endangered species in Southern France

• Teucrium pseudochamaepitys depends on pollinators for seed production.
• Urbanization decreases diversity of the pollinator-guild.
• Urbanization favours clonal reproduction of Teucrium pseudochamaepitys.
• Land use abandonment decreased density of Teucrium pseudochamaepitys.
• Succession increased competitive effects on Teucrium pseudochamaepitys.

Among the endangered flora of the Mediterranean basin, Teucrium pseudochamaepitys, endemic Lamiaceae, is threatened by human activities. The threats are even more important that its distribution in Mediterranean France is very limited. This study was based on the comparison of nine sites urbanized or impacted by other human activities. Particularly, the associated plant community, the density and reproductive parameters of the study species, and pollinator activities were compared to asset the effect of urbanization and land use changes on the local population persistence. Interestingly, in urban sites, the result shows more ruderal species and a higher density of T. pseudochamaepitys due to clonal growth. Surprisingly, reproductive success is low in each site despite an effective insect pollination. However, diversity of pollinators is lower in urban sites. Effects are thus contrasted considering urbanization and land use changes. Changes in land uses lead to closing landscape which threaten short term persistence of populations due to competition while the loss of pollinator diversity may impact urban populations over the long term only.