Structure, growth dynamics and biomass of reed (Phragmites australis) – A review

This paper reviews about 190 publications related to the anatomy, morphology and growth of aboveground and belowground parts of common reed (Phragmites australis). In addition to the general description of plant structure, observations on germination, growth dynamics, biomass, effects of habitat conditions such as temperature, salinity, nutrient supply and water depth are evaluated. The impact of animal, fungal and algal attacks, and human intervention (burning and harvesting) on reed growth, and the potential genetic determinacy behind the response of reed to environmental changes are also discussed.