Impaired phagocytic capacity driven by downregulation of major phagocytosis-related cell surface molecules elicits an overall modulatory cytokine profile in neutrophils and monocytes from the indeterminate clinical form of Chagas disease

The distinct ability of phagocytes to present antigens, produce cytokines and provide co-stimulatory signals may contribute to the severity of the outcome of Chagas disease. In this paper, we evaluate the phenotypic features of phagocytes along with the cytokine signature of circulating T-cells from Chagas disease patients with indeterminate (IND) and cardiac (CARD) clinical forms of the disease. Our data demonstrated that neutrophils from IND patients displayed an impaired ability to produce cytokines. A lower Trypanosoma cruzi phagocytic index and higher nitric oxide levels were characteristics of monocytes from IND. The impaired phagocytic capacity did not reflect on the levels of anti-T. cruzi IgG, but was detectable in the downregulation of Fc-γR, TLR and CR1 molecules. The monocyte-derived cytokine signature demonstrated that a down-regulated synthesis of IL-12 and a modulatory state were evidenced by a positive correlation between IL-12 and IL-10 with a lower synthesis of TNF-α. The down-regulation of MHC-II and CD86 in monocytes supports the occurrence of particularities in the APC-activation-arm in IND, and may be involved in the T-cell pro-inflammatory pattern counterbalanced by a potent IL-10 response. Our findings support the hypothesis that differential phenotypic features of monocytes from IND may be committed to the induction of a distinct immune response related to low morbidity in chronic Chagas disease.