Tolerance to delayed reward tasks in social and non-social contexts

• We developed two novel delayed-choice tasks using social and non-social cues.
• Dogs showed a large individual variation in the maximum delays reached.
• Differences between social and non-social settings were not significant.
• Dogs did not evidence any distraction or distinct behaviours while waiting.
• No correlations with the DIAS were found, except with the time dogs spent standing.

Domestic dogs have demonstrated striking social skills towards humans, however, there are few studies investigating impulsivity with delay-choice tasks in communicative contexts. In Study 1 we introduced a novel social delay-choice task in which subjects had to choose between one human cueing an immediate, low quality reward and another human signaling a delayed, high quality reward. In Study 2 we evaluated the tolerance to increasing delays using social and non-social cues. We also explored if more self-controlled dogs show any distinct behaviours during delays. Finally, we correlated all results with the Dog Impulsivity Assessment Scale (Wright et al., 2011). In Study 1 dogs reached an average maximum delay of 11.55 s. In Study 2 that average was 52.14 s with social cues and 40.2 s with non-social, but differences were not significant. Tolerance to delays showed high interindividual variation. Dogs remained mostly standing and near the delayed experimenter in the social tasks although we could not to find any distinct coping strategies. No significant correlations were found between the delay reached and behaviours, neither with the scale. These results show the relevance of the parameters and methods used to investigate tolerance to delay of reinforcements. More investigations are required, especially an assessment of the same subjects performing the same tasks using different contexts.