In ovo treatment with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides decreases colonization of Salmonella enteriditis in broiler chickens

Induction of the innate immune response in newly hatched chickens is important for limiting infections with bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica serovar Enteriditis (SE). CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) can stimulate the innate immune response of young chickens. Therefore, we examined the effectiveness of CpG-ODN administered in ovo on intestinal colonization by SE and the ability to modulate the function of heterophils in young chickens. Heterophils were isolated from 2-day-old chickens and were stimulated with heat-killed SE (HK-SE) or PMA for oxidative burst and HK-SE or live SE for degranulation assays. CpG-ODN treatment had no effect on heterophil oxidative burst when stimulated with HK-SE or PMA. However, HK-SE and live SE increased degranulation (P < 0.01) in heterophils from CpG-ODN-treated birds compared to PBS-treated controls. In a second experiment, chickens were orally infected with SE on day 10 post-hatch and cecal contents were collected 6 days later for assessment of SE intestinal colonization. CpG-ODN treatment reduced SE colonization by greater than 10-fold (P < 0.001) compared to PBS-injected control birds. Overall, we show for the first time that CpG-ODN given in ovo stimulates innate immune responsiveness of chicken heterophils and increases resistance of young chickens to SE colonization.