Control of indoor CO2 concentration based on a process model

• New simulation model of CO2 concentration
• New approach to CO2 concentration control
• A comparison with classical PI controller

Air-tight buildings need to have ventilation systems, although the use of these systems results in heavy energy consumption within the building sector. For this reason they have to be adequately regulated in order to achieve good indoor air quality and lower operation costs. The main challenge is to optimize regulation in office buildings, theaters, museums, and schools, where there are large fluctuations and heavy operating costs. Each further optimization leads directly to a better indoor climate and a reduction in energy consumption. In the case of ventilation systems, PI or PID regulators are usually used. In the described research an internal model control (IMC) system was designed with an internal loop, which constantly checks the momentary CO2 concentration, and makes the necessary adjustments to the air flow. The results showed a significant improvement in the CO2 level when using an IMC controller, in comparison with PI controller. The desired indoor air quality is achieved more than 80% of the time, with lower operating costs.