Protective structures for construction and mining machine operators

The paper presents selected problems concerning the passive safety of the operators of construction and mining machines. Such machines must be equipped with protective structures meeting the requirements of the relevant regulations and standards. Protective structures for engineering machines are described and classified. Requirements and ways of carrying out experimental investigations of protective structures: FOPS, TOPS, ROPS and RSPS are specified. The principles of constructing calculation models for numerical simulations in virtual space by the finite element method are given. A detailed example of FEM tests on a protective structure is provided.