Pharmacognostic Specification of Five Root Species in Thai Traditional Medicine Remedy: Ben-Cha-Lo-Ka-Wi-Chian

Introduction: Ben-Cha-Lo-Ka-Wi-Chian remedy (BLW Remedy), one of Thai traditional remedy used as an antipyretic drug, composed of five root species in an equal part by weight. In an exhaustive review and few data reported, the remedy has been contaminated and adulterated with upper ground of the plant used. Therefore, the pharmacognostic evaluations of five roots were carried out for diagnosis and distinguishing them from their adulterants and providing the scientific database for further uses. Methods: The samples were collected from wild or non-cultivated from 14 difference places throughout Thailand. The morphological characters including macroscopic examination of whole plant, microscopic investigation of transverse section, powder of root crude drugs examination, pharmacognostic parameters and 3D-HPLC fingerprint profiles were investigated. Results: The main distinguishing features of five root species were obtained from the morphological and histological characters as well as 3D-HPLC chromatogram. The histological results allowed an establishment of dichotomous key for the identification of each crude powdered species which is beneficial in resolving the adulteration and contamination of crude drugs in traditional medicine market. Conclusion: The results of this investigation were clearly indicated and could be effectively used together as an important tool in authentication of crude drugs and ensure the quality of medicinal plant that sold in the market.