Numerical solution of active earth pressures on rigid retaining walls built near rock faces

For retaining walls built in mountainous regions, narrow backfill spaces are often encountered. The space to fully develop the active wedge is restricted for walls with a limited backfill space. This paper presents a numerical study on the behaviour of active earth pressures behind a rigid retaining wall with limited backfill space of various geometries. The active earth pressure for a wall built with limited backfill space is considerably less than that of the Coulomb solution, and the location of the resultant of active earth pressures is noticeably higher than one-third of the wall height. The coefficient of active earth pressures is as low as 0.5–0.6 times the Coulomb solution and the h/H value reaches up to 0.4–0.37 if aspect ratio of the fill space is in the range from 0.1 to 0.2. A clear trend between the ratio of the coefficient of active earth pressures at constrained fill conditions over the Coulomb Ka value and the aspect ratio of the fill-space geometry is obtained.