A framework for adaptation in shape grammars

Adapting precedents to generate novel designs is a common procedure in architectural design. In design computing, three techniques of adaptation are characterised as transformation, substitution and hybridisation. This paper discusses the application of these techniques in shape grammar theory and practice. A framework for an adaptation method is identified which elaborates its techniques, strategies and tools and distinguishes the different outputs of grammars and their generated designs.

► The importance of adaptation in generating innovative designs is emphasized.
► The techniques, strategies and outputs of adaptation in shape grammars are defined.
► The framework of adaptation reveals the differences in shape grammar practices.