Safety of intramyocardial injection of autologous bone marrow cells to treat myocardial ischemia in pigs

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to determine the potential adverse consequences of intracardiac injections of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) to facilitate the revascularization of ischemic myocardium.BackgroundBone marrow mononuclear cells are used to treat heart failure, though there are few studies that evaluated the safety of BMC transplantation for chronic myocardial ischemia.MethodsThe pigs received coronary ameroid constrictors to induce chronic myocardial ischemia and left ventricular dysfunction. At 4 weeks, autologous BMCs were injected intramyocardially by Boston Scientific Stiletto catheter with low-dose (107 cells) or high-dose BMC (108). Control animals received saline. Blood samples were collected for hematological and chemical indices, including cardiac enzyme levels at regular time intervals postinfarction. At 7 weeks, animals underwent electrophysiological study to evaluate the arrhythmic potential of transplanted BMC, followed by necropsy and histopathology.ResultsNo mortalities were associated with intramyocardial delivery of BMC or saline. At Day 0, the total creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was in the normal range in all groups. All groups had significant elevations in CPK after ameroid placement, with no significant differences between groups. At 7 weeks, CPK in all groups had returned to pretreatment levels. Electrophysiological assessment revealed that one control animal had an inducible arrhythmia. No arrhythmias were induced in low- or high-dose BMC-treated pigs. There were no histopathological changes associated with BMC injection.ConclusionThis study showed, in a clinically relevant large-animal model, that catheter-based intramyocardial injection of autologous BMC into ischemic myocardium is safe.