The effects of lower body positive and negative pressure on the hypoxic ventilatory decline

PurposeLower body negative pressure (LBNP) augments the acute hypoxic ventilatory response (AHVR) in humans, presumably through altered central integration of baro- and chemoreceptor afferents. This study investigated the effects of LBNP and lower body positive pressure (LBPP) on hypoxic ventilatory decline (HVD) in humans.MethodsNine individuals (4 females and 5 males) were tested in a supine position with the lower body supported inside a hypo/hyperbaric chamber. During each test the participant was exposed in a random order to LBNP at −37.5 mmHg, LBPP at +37.5 mmHg and to ambient pressure (LBAP) at 0 mmHg. Blood pressure, expired gases and haemoglobin O2 saturation were continuously recorded. Hypoxia was administered in a single step to a PETO2PETO2 of 50 mmHg for 20 min. For all tests PETCO2PETCO2 was maintained at the pre-hypoxic resting level.ResultsThe peak ventilation was significantly greater during LBNP (36.0 ± 10.8 L min−1) than during ambient pressure (29.4 ± 8.1 L min−1; p = 0.032). However, peak ventilation was not significantly different between LBPP and ambient pressure. The HVD was not significantly different across the three conditions (p = 0.144). Both mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure were not affected by 37.5 mmHg of either LBPP (p = 0.941) or LBNP (p = 0.275). Baroreflex slope was decreased by both hypoxia and LBNP.ConclusionThese data suggest that LBNP increases AHVR through an effect on the baroreflex, while LBPP has no effect on AHVR. Since LBNP increases AHVR without affecting HVD, these findings support that the mechanism accounting for the HVD includes afferent output originating from the peripheral rather than the central chemosensitive tissues.