An extended k–εk–ε model for turbulent flow through horizontal-axis wind turbines

This paper proposes a new model for simulating flow through a horizontal-axis wind turbine. The proposed model uses an extra term added to the approximate transport equation for the turbulence energy dissipation rate. The term presents the role of the energy transfer rate from large-scale turbulence to small-scale turbulence in the turbine's near-wake region. This term significantly improves agreement with experimental data. To validate the model, results are presented for the Nibe wind turbine ‘B’, the Danwin 180/23, and the MOD-0A.