Evaluation of dielectric properties of concrete by a numerical FDTD model of a GPR coupled antenna—Parametric study

This article describes the use of a 1.5 GHz ground-penetrating radar (GPR) coupled antenna numerical model to evaluate the dielectric properties of two concretes with different degrees of water saturation. The dielectric properties obtained by simulation and measurement are in a good accordance and are comparable with those of the literature. A parametric study is performed in order to better understand the wave propagation when the antenna is coupled with concrete. A study of the direct wave behavior during its propagation is also given.