Intracellular oxidative stress caused by nanoparticles: What do we measure with the dichlorofluorescein assay?

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► Proper evaluation of oxidative stress caused by nanoparticle is of crucial importance.
► Dichlorofluorescein (DCF) is the most widespread intracellular assay in nanotoxicology.
► We report widely differing results obtained when testing nanoparticles with DCF assay.
► The suitability of DCF assay for intracellular oxidative stress measurements is discussed.