The independence polynomial of rooted products of graphs

A stable (or independent) set in a graph is a set of pairwise nonadjacent vertices thereof. The stability number  α(G)α(G) is the maximum size of stable sets in a graph GG. The independence polynomial   of GG is I(G;x)=∑k=0α(G)skxk=s0+s1x+s2x2+⋯+sα(G)xα(G)(s0≔1), where sksk is the number of stable sets of cardinality kk in a graph GG, and was defined by Gutman and Harary (1983) [13].We obtain a number of formulae expressing the independence polynomials of two sorts of the rooted product of graphs in terms of such polynomials of constituent graphs. In particular, it enables us to build infinite families of graphs whose independence polynomials have only real roots.